The NIS-2 Directive replaces the original 2016
NIS Directive and moves cybersecurity definitively out of the
IT basement and into the boardroom. It covers not only classical
critical infrastructure but also manufacturers of critical
products, digital services, waste management, public administration,
and a substantial share of manufacturing.
Addressees fall into two categories — "essential"
and "important" entities. The difference lies
mainly in the intensity of oversight and the fine ceiling. For
both, executive management bears personal responsibility.
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Scope
18 sectors, medium and large enterprisesEnergy, transport, banking, healthcare, water, digital infrastructure, administration, food, industry, research and others.
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Duties
Risk management, security concepts, supply-chain due diligenceIncluding multi-factor authentication, incident handling, crisis management, encryption.
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Reporting
24 h early warning · 72 h notification · 1 month final reportTo the competent national authority or CSIRT.
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Sanctions
Up to €10 m or 2% of annual turnover (essential) · €7 m / 1.4% (important)Personal liability of executive bodies; temporary disqualification possible.
NIS-2 elevates cybersecurity into a compliance discipline on par
with data protection or anti-money-laundering — with verifiable
duties and meaningful sanctions instead of pious wishes.